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ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ NICOYA-HEALTH.ORG

ื›ืœืœื™

  1. ย (“ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื””) ืžืคืขื™ืœื” ืืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื–ื” (“ื”ืืชืจ”) ืืฉืจ ืžืฆื™ืข ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช. ื”ืืชืจ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืื™ืฉื™, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืจืคื•ืื™ ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื—ืจ, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจืฉืžื” ื•ืื•ืฉืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” (“ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื”). ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจืฉืืช ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ื•ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืืชืจ.
  2. ื”ืืชืจ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ, ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืื• ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ืื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ.
  3. ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืืชืจ, ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืœืŸ (“ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ”). ื”ื’ืœื™ืฉื” ื‘ืืชืจ ื•ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื• ืื• ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ืข ื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื›ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืœืชื ืื™ื ืืœื”, ื•ื›ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืœืžืชืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืชื ืื™ื ืืœื”. ื™ืฉ ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื”.
  4. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ืžื ื•ืกื—ื™ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื›ืจ ืžื˜ืขืžื™ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ื ื›ืื—ื“.
  5. ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ืœืฉื ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืžืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ื•ืœื ื™ืฉืžืฉื• ืœืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ.
  6. ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืœืขืฆืžื” ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืชื” ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™, ื•ืœืœื ืžืชืŸ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช. ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื ืชื”ื ื›ืœ ื˜ืขื ื”, ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืื• ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื”, ื•ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ื ื–ืง ืฉื™ื™ื’ืจื ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ืืžื•ืจ.
  7. ืื ื”ื ืš ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 18, ืื ื ืงืจื ืชื ืื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื•ืจื™ืš (ืื• ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืก ื—ื•ืงื™ ืื—ืจ). ืื ืืชื” (ืื• ื”ื•ืจื™ืš) ืื™ื ื›ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ, ื›ื•ืœื ืื• ื—ืœืงื, ืื™ื ืš ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ืœื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื.
  8. ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ืœืฆื“ื•:
    1. “ืžื™ื“ืข” โ€“ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืจืคื•ืื™ (ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ืœืœื™), ืžื™ื“ืข ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™, ืชื›ื ื™ื, ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ืžืืžืจื™ื, ืชื™ืขื•ื“, ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื, ืคืจื˜ื™ื, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช, ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื, ืžืกืžื›ื™ื, ื ื”ืœื™ื, ืกืงื™ืฆื•ืช, ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช, ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘, ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืกืžืœื™ื ื•ืกืžืœื™ืœื™ื, ืชื•ื•ื™ื, ืงื‘ืฆื™ื, ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ื, ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ (ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื), ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืงื•ื“ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื•ืงื‘ืฆื™ื.
    2. “ืžืฉืชืžืฉ” – ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืืฉืจ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืืชืจ ืื• ื’ื•ืœืฉ ื‘ื•, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืข ืื• ืžื–ื“ืžืŸ.
    3. “ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ” โ€“ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘, ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ื), ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืกืœื•ืœืืจื™ (ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืกืœื•ืœืืจื™ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื) ื•ื›ืœ ืฆื™ื•ื“, ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื•ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ืš ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืœื•ื•ืช ืœื•, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช-ืžื™ื“ืข.

ื”ืืชืจ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื

  1. ื”ืืชืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืฆื™ืขื” ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื”, ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื”, ื•ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื”, ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ื•ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื”, ืื• ืœื–ืžืŸ ืชื•ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืืชืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืฆื™ืขื” ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืจื˜ื ื™ ื•ืžื•ืชืื ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœื: ืงื‘ืœืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช, ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื–ื™ืžื•ืŸ ืชื•ืจ ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช, ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื“ื•ืืจ ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ืื• ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช SMS ืขืœ ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืชื•ืจื™ื, ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ (ื›ื”ื’ื“ืจืชื• ืœื”ืœืŸ).
  2. ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœื—ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืžื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืืชืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืงืฆื•ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข, ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืชื” ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™, ื•ืœืœื ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช. ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื”, ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืชื”ื ืจืฉืื™ืช, ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ, ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืื• ืœื—ืกื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ื•/ืื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• (ื›ื•ืœื ืื• ื—ืœืงื) ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžื•ืจืฉื”, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ืžื ื™ ืื• ืงื‘ื•ืข, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื• ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืื• ืžื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืื—ืจืช, ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืชื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื”.
  3. ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืขืช ืœืขืช ืืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืืชืจ, ืžืจืื”ื•, ืชื•ื›ื ื•, ื”ื™ืงืคื• ื•ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ื‘ื•, ืœืœื ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช. ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื ืชื”ื ื›ืœ ื˜ืขื ื”, ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืื• ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื”, ื•ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ื ื–ืง ืฉื™ื™ื’ืจื ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ืืžื•ืจ.
  4. ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืืชืจ. ืžื•ื‘ื”ืจ ื›ื™ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืคื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช (ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืชืงืจื ืœื”ืœืŸ “ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช”), ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ืืฆืœ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืกืคืง ืืช ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช. ื›ืš, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช โ€œFacebookโ€ ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ื‘ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžืช โ€œFacebookโ€ ื‘ื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื”. ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืกืจ ืกืคืง, ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช, ืœืชืงื™ื ื•ืชืŸ ืื• ืœื–ืžื™ื ื•ืชืŸ ื•ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื (ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื ืื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื) ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช. ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืคืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช.

ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™

  1. ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ, ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช, ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืืฉืจ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืืชืจ (“ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™”). ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืกืจ ืกืคืง, ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืืชืจ ืื• ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ, ื›ื•ืœื ืื• ื—ืœืงื, ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืชื” ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™.
  2. ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืจืคื•ืื™ ืื™ืฉื™, ืกื•ื“ื™ ื•ืจื’ื™ืฉ, ื”ืžื•ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื ืชืงื‘ืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื•ืกื™ืกืžื (“ืืžืฆืขื™ ื’ื™ืฉื””), ืขืœื™ืš ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืžืกื™ืจืชื ืœื›ืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืจืฉื”, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘, ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ื•/ืื• ื›ืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ืœืจืฉืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ืื• ื–ืžื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืชื” ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื”.
  3. ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ื• ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื”ื ืš ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื” ืœืš (ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื”). ื”ื ืš ืžืืฉืจ ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉื™ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœืš ื™ืจืื” ื‘ื›ืš ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™. ื”ื ืš ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื ื–ืง ืืฉืจ ื™ื™ื’ืจื ืขืงื‘ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœืš (ื’ื ืื ื ืขืฉื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื—ืจ) ื•ื”ื ืš ืคื•ื˜ืจ ืืช ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืžื›ืœ ื ื–ืง ืฉื™ื™ื’ืจื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ืืžื•ืจ. ืžื•ื‘ื”ืจ ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” โ€“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืขืงื‘ ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืื• ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” โ€“ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ืจืคื•ืื™ ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื•ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืœื ืชื™ืฉื ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื ื–ืง ืฉื™ื™ื’ืจื ืžื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ.
  4. ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืฉืจ ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืžืฆืขื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื”. ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœืช ืืžืฆืขื™ ื’ื™ืฉื”, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืจืฉื•ื ืื—ืจ. ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ื“ืงืช ืืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื•ืœื ืชืฉืžืข ื›ื ื’ื“ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ื˜ืขื ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.
  5. ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ื ื–ืง, ืื‘ื“ืŸ ืื• ื”ืคืกื“ ืืฉืจ ื™ื™ื’ืจื ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžื•ืจืฉื” ืขืงื‘ ืคืจื™ืฆื” ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื• ืื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ืžื•ืจืฉื” ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•.
  6. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ, ืืฃ ืื ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื›ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื–ื™ืžื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื”. ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื–ื” ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ืื™ืฉื™ ืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื•, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉ. ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืกืจ ืกืคืง, ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืกืขื™ืคื™ื 3.3 ื•- 3.5 ืœืขื™ืœ ื™ื—ื•ืœื•, ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื, ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ 3.6 ื–ื”.

ืžืกื™ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข

  1. ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื”. ื›ืœ ืžืกื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืชื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืจืฆื•ื ื• ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืžืกืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื™ื™ืฉืžืจื• ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื”. ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื‘ืืชืจ, ื•ื™ืขืฉื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ.
  2. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืืฉืจ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืืชืจ, ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื. ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืชื”ื ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืžืกืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ื—ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื“ืขื”, ืชื–ื›ื•ืจืช ืื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืคืจืกื•ื ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื“ื”, ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืื• ื—ืœืงืŸ, ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืื• ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื.
  3. ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืชื”ื ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืื• ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื, ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฆืจื™ื›ื• ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืชื”. ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืกืจ ืกืคืง, ืžื•ื‘ื”ืจ ื›ื™ ืื ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžืช ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช (ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ โ€12 ืœืขื™ืœ) ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืคืขืœืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื• ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืœื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช.

ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข

  1. ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ืื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืกื—ืจื™ ื‘ื”ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ืืช ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื— ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ. ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื‘ืฆืข ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื, ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืื• ืฉืœื ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื”, ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืื• ืœื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื•. ืžื•ื‘ื”ืจ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืชืคืจืกื ื‘ืืชืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืฆื’ืชื• ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืื• ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื›ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืœื›ืš ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื•ืžืจืืฉ. ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืื’ื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื• ื™ืคื™ืฅ ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื—ืจื™ ืื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช ืื• ืœื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจื” ืื—ืจืช. ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืื• ืžืžืฉืง ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืืœื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื”, ืืœื ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืกื›ืžืชื” ืœื›ืš ืžืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ื›ืชื‘. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืจืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื•.
  2. ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ื ืœื‘, ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืืœื” ื•ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื”. ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืœืืชืจ, ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžืฆื”ื™ืจ ื•ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืžื ืข ืžื›ืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืื• ื‘ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ.
  3. ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืืชืจ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื•.
  4. ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื’ืจื•ืข ืžื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืื• ื™ืชืจื•ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ื“ืœ (ื‘ืžื™ืฉืจื™ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืขืงื™ืคื™ืŸ) ืœื ื–ืง ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืœื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืื• ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืฉื•ืชื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืคืจ ื›ืœ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืื• ืฉืœ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช, ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื, ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช, ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืžื•ืŸ, ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ืช, ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื, ืกื™ืžื ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ืคื˜ื ื˜ื™ื. ื›ืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืืชืจ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืจืขื” ื•ืœื ื™ื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืื• ื‘ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข, ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื™ืŸ.
  5. ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื• (Embedding) – ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืžื”ืืชืจ ืœืœื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืืชืจ, ื•ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ ืื• ืžืืจื—: ืชื›ื ื™ื ืคื•ืจื ื•ื’ืจืืคื™ื™ื, ืชื›ื ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืœื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ืื• ืœื”ืคืœื™ื” ืคืกื•ืœื”, ืชื›ื ื™ื ื”ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืง, ืื• ืฉืคืจืกื•ืžื ืžื ื•ื’ื“ ืœื—ื•ืง ืื• ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื ื•ื’ื“ืช ืœื—ื•ืง, ืื• ื‘ืืชืจื™ื ืฉืขืฆื ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืชื”ื ื”ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื“ ื’’ ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื•. ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืœืขืฆืžื” ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœืืคืฉืจ ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœืš ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžืจืืฉ ื•ืœื ืชื”ื ืœืš ื›ืœ ื˜ืขื ื”, ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืื• ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืื• ืชืงืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืชืจื—ืฉื• ืื’ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื. ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืš ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืžืขื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืชื” ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ – ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื˜ืžืขื” ืœืืœืชืจ ื•ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืš ื›ืœ ื˜ืขื ื”, ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืœื ืชื™ืฉื ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื ื–ืง ืฉื™ื™ื’ืจื ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืžื”ืืชืจ. ื”ื ืš ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืœืื” ื•ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืžืขื” ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ืš, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœืื’ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื/ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืœ ื—ื•ืง, ื•ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืคื•ืช ืืช ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื ื–ืง ืฉื™ื™ื’ืจื ืœื” ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš.
  6. ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื’ืจื•ืข ืžื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉืœื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืื• ื—ืœืงืŸ):
    • ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืชื›ื ื™ื ืžื”ืืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื™ื – ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื”, ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ, ืื‘ื™ื–ืจ ืื• ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช – ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื ื‘ืืชืจ ืื• ืžื—ืกื™ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ืชื›ื ื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืคืจืกื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืชื›ื ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื;
    • ืœืงืฉืจ ืœืืชืจ ืชื›ื ื™ื ืžืืชืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืฉืื™ื ื ื“ืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ (“ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืžื•ืง”), ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’, ืื• ืœืคืจืกื ืชื›ื ื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช, ืืœื ืื ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื“ืฃ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ืืชืจ ื‘ืžืœื•ืื• ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื (AS IS), ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื–ื”ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ื• ื‘ืืชืจ. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื–ื•, ื—ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืงืฉืจ ืœืชื›ื ื™ื ืžื”ืืชืจ, ื‘ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื“ืคื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืืชืจื™ื (ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื: ืืกื•ืจ ืœืงืฉืจ ื‘ืžื™ืฉืจื™ืŸ ืœืชืžื•ื ื” ืื• ืœืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื’ืจืคื™ ื‘ืืชืจ, ืืœื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืžืœื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื). ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื• ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืฉืœ ื“ืฃ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ืืชืจ ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื›ืš ื‘ืžืžืฉืง ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”: ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช (Status bar) ื‘ื“ืคื“ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ. ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืช, ืœืกืœืฃ ืื• ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื–ื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืื—ืจืช;
    • ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ืื• ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืื—ืจืช;
    • ื”ื˜ืขื ื”, ืฉืœื™ื—ื” ืื• ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืžื—ืฉื‘, ืื• ื›ืœ ืงื•ื“ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืื—ืจ, ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืœื”ืจื•ืก, ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข, ืื• ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ (ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืžืœื‘ื“ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ื•ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืืชืจ) ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื, ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืืฉืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืืชืจ, ืื• ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื;
    • ื”ืคืฆืช ื“ื•ืืจ ื–ื‘ืœ ืื• ื”ืฆืคื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืืจ ืื—ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื ืžื•ืคืขืœ ื”ืืชืจ;
    • ย ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“, ื”ืชืืžื”, ืžืชืŸ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื ื”, ืชืจื’ื•ื, ืขืจื™ื›ื”, ืžื›ื™ืจื”, ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช (Reverse Engineering), ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืื• ื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืชืจ, ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืืชืจ;
    • ย ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ื”ืขืชืงื”, ืฉื›ืคื•ืœ, ืžืกื™ืจื”, ื”ืฆื’ื”, ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข, ืฉืขืชื•ืง, ืคืจืกื•ื, ืžืชืŸ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ืขืžื“ื” ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช, ื”ืขื‘ืจื”, ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืื• ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข, ืชื•ื›ื ื”, ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื, ืื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ, ืœืœื ืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืžืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ื›ืชื‘;
    • ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜, ืชื•ืœืขืช, ืžื ื•ืข ืื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžื™ื“ืข, ืื• ื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™, ืื• ื™ื“ื ื™ ืื—ืจ ืืฉืจ ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืœืื ื“ืงืก, ืœืื—ื–ืจ, ืœื ื˜ืจ, ื•ืœืืชืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืืชืจ, ืื• ื›ืœื™ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืืฉืจ ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืื’ืจ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ. ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืฉื ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืœืงื˜, ืื•ืกืฃ ืื• ืžืื’ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื™ืœื• ืชื›ื ื™ื ืžื”ืืชืจ ืื• ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ืื• ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืื—ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ;
    • ื”ืฆื’ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืืชืจ ืื• ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉืœ ืืชืจ ืื—ืจ (Frame), ืื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืื• ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจ, ืœืœื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืžืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื”;
    • ื”ืคืจืขื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืืชืจ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ืคืจืขื” ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉืจืช ื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœืืชืจ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ืืฉืจ ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืชื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืชื’ืจื•ื, ืื• ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื, ืขื•ืžืก ื‘ืœืชื™ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืืชืจ ืื• ืขืœ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ืืชืจ;
    • ื”ืขืœืื” ืื• ืฉืœื™ื—ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืืชืจ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•/ืื• ืžืกืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื•/ืื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืกืจื™ ื•/ืื• ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื•/ืื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™;
  7. ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื™ื™ื“ืข ืืช ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืื• ื‘ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืื• ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื• ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืืœื”. ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืชื”ื ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืฉื”ืคืจ ืืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื• ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื, ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ.
  8. ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื˜ืขื ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื”, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืฉืœื—ื• ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื“ื•ืืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช SMS, ื‘ืคืงืกื™ืžื™ืœื™ื”, ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ื™ื•ื’ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช, ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช “ืคื•ืฉ” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ืื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืื—ืจืช, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ.
  9. ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืจืฉืื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื•ืœืœื ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืื• ืฉื’ื•ื™ ืฉืžืกืจืช ืœื”, ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ื•ืœืกืจื‘ ืœืกืคืง ืœืš ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืืชืจ ื‘ืงืจื•ืช ืื—ื“ ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:
    • ืื ืงื™ื™ื ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ืคืจืช ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืืœื”.
    • ืื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืืžืช ืื• ืœืชืงืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ืžืกืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ืš.
    • ืื ื”ื™ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืืชืจ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ ืื• ื”ื•ื ืื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืื• ืื ืงื™ื™ื ื—ืฉืฉ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื›ืš.
    • ืื ื”ื™ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ืš ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืคืกื“ ื›ืกืคื™ ืื• ืชืฉืœื•ื ืื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจืš, ืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื”ืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”.
    • ืื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื•ืชื• ืžืกืจืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืจืฉืžืชืš ืœืืชืจ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื’ื•ื™ ืื• ืฉืงืจื™

ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™

  1. ื›ืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื‘ืืชืจ, ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื (ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜, ื’ืจืคื™ืงื”, ืชื•ื›ื ื”, ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื, ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื, ื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืื• ืกืžืœื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื), ื”ื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืื• ืฉืœ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืฉื”ืจืฉื” ืœื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื. ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง, ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ, ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™, ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™, ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืœืฉื ื•ืช, ืœืขื‘ื“, ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช, ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืื• ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ื ”ืœ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ืš ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืื• ืืžืฆืขื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืžื›ืื ื™ื™ื, ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื™ื, ืืžืฆืขื™ ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืื• ื”ืงืœื˜ื”, ืื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื•ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช, ื‘ืœื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื•ืžืจืืฉ ืžื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืื• ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ืœืคื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื” (ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื–ื• ืชื™ื ืชืŸ). ื”ื•ืจืื” ื–ื• ืชืงืคื” ื’ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืœ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“, ืขืจื™ื›ื” ืื• ืชืจื’ื•ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืœืชื›ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื–ื ื• ืื• ื ืžืกืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ืš ืœืืชืจื™ื.
  2. ืื ื ื™ืชื ื” ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ืกื™ืจ, ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืื• ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืื• ืกื™ืžืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” – ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ยฉ, ืื• ืกื™ืžืŸ ืžืกื—ืจ ยฎ, ื”ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืœืชื›ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ืš.
  3. ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืคืจืกื•ืžืช ืฉืœ ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ื™ื ื ืงื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื’ื ื‘ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืœื ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”ืžืคืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื•ืžืจืืฉ.
  4. ื”ื ืš ื ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื–ืืช ืœื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ื”ืจืฉืื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืกื•ื™ื’ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืื•ืชื• ืžืกืจืช ืœื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” (ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืื™ืกื•ืคื• ื•ืฉืžื™ืจืชื• ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช) ืื• ืืฉืจ ื ืืกืฃ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืš ื‘ืืชืจ ืื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืืชืจ (ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™), ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื›ืš ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืžื•ืฆืขื™ื (Averaged Data), ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื™ื (Aggregated Data), ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืื• ืžื“ื“ื™ื (Benchmarks), ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช, ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืื• ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ืžืกืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ืš ืื• ื”ื ืืกืฃ ืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ืš, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืžืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืœืื• (ืชื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ื ื• ืœื”ืœืŸ: “ืžื™ื“ืข ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™”). ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื’ืจื•ืข ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ, ืžื•ื‘ื”ืจ ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื ื• ืจื›ื•ืฉื” ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™. ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืœืช ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ, ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ, ืœืฉื ื•ืช, ืœืฉืคืจ, ืœืžื›ื•ืจ, ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ, ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืชืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืื• ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืื• ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื›ืœืคื™ืš, ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ. ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืกืจ ืกืคืง, ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžืžื—ื” ื‘ื–ืืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ ืœื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื”, ื•ืžื•ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ ืื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื˜ืขื ื” ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื•.

ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ื™

  1. ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื (“As-Is”), ื•ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื›ืœ ื˜ืขื ื”, ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืื• ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืื• ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ, ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ืื• ื”ืชืืžืชื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ. ื”ื’ืœื™ืฉื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ื”ืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ื™ื™ืขืฉื• ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืช ื•ื”ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ.
  2. ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื”, ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื”, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื”, ืžื ื”ืœื™ื”, ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืžื˜ืขืžื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื ื–ืง, ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืื• ืขืงื™ืฃ, ืฉื ื’ืจื ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืื• ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืื• ืขืงื™ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ, ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืื• ืœื”ืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืขืœื™ื•, ืœืžืขื˜ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื. ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืกืขื™ืฃ โ€39 ืœื”ืœืŸ.
  3. ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื˜ืขื ื”, ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืื• ืžื™ ืžื˜ืขืžื” ืœื›ืœ ื ื–ืง, ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืื• ืขืงื™ืฃ, ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ืื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื•, ื“ื™ื•ืงื, ืžื”ื™ืžื ื•ืชื, ืฉืœืžื•ืชื, ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื•ืชื ืื• ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืคืจืกื•ืžื. ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื”ืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ืœืžืขื˜ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื. ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืกืขื™ืฃ 6.5 ืœื”ืœืŸ.
  4. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืื• ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืžืฉื•ื ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืžื’ื•ืจื ืžื•ืกืžืš ื”ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ. ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื’ืจื•ืข ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ, ืžื•ื‘ื”ืจ ื›ื™ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืื• ืœื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืจืคื•ืื™ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืืชืจ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ื”ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืขืจื•ืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื•.
  5. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ โ€“ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžืžืฆื” ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื•ืื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื•. ืงื‘ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืžื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื•, ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ืงื™ื™ื ืื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ื™ื“ืจื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื•. ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืคื ื™ื” ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ืœืฉื ืงื‘ืœืช ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืจืคื•ืื™.
  6. ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืชื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื›ื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื™ื™ืฉืžืจ ื‘ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืœื ืชื™ืฉื ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื™ืคืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื ืžืกืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ.
  7. ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืืชืจ ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช, ืœืœื ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืื• ืœืœื ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช. ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืื–ื•ืจื™ื, ื—ืœืงื™ื ืื• ืชื›ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ (ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื), ืื• ื”ืืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื•, ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื (ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ ืื• ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ) ืื• ืฉื™ืฉืชื ื•, ื™ื•ืกืจื• ืื• ื™ืžื—ืงื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื”, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืชื” ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืกืคืง ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื“ืขื”. ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืื• ื›ืœืคื™ ื›ืœ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ื”ืกืจื” ืื• ืžื—ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ืื• ื›ืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื, ื—ืœืงื™ื ืื• ืชื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ.
  8. ืžื•ื‘ื”ืจ, ื›ื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื”, ืžืขืฆื ื”ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช, ื—ื•ืžืจื•ืช ื•ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ื—ืฉื•ืคื•ืช ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืช ืžืคื’ืขื•ืช (ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื, ืกื•ืกื™ื ื˜ืจื•ื™ืื ื™ื ื•ื›ื“’), ืฆื™ืชื•ืช ืœืงื•ื•ื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ืคืจื™ืฆื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืขื•ื™ื ื™ื, ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืช ืœืืชืจ ืื• ืœืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืžืฉืงื™ืขื” ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื”, ืืš ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื—ืกื™ืžื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื•ื™ื™ืชื›ื ื• ื ื–ืงื™ื ืื• ื”ืคืกื“ื™ื ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืžืžืฉื•ืช ืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืื• ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ ืื• ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ืืช ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช/ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืจืฉื•ืช, ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™-ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข, ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉื’ื•ื™ ืื• ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจืื”/ื‘ืงืฉื”, ื—ื•ืกืจ ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื• ืื™ื–ื” ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื›ื“’.
  9. ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื’ืจื•ืข ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืืœื•, ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื ื–ืง, ื”ืคืกื“ ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื ื”ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื’ืจื ืœืš, ื‘ืžื™ืฉืจื™ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืขืงื™ืคื™ืŸ, ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื/ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”:
    • ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืื• ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช, ืื• ืื™-ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืื• ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจืื” ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืชืงืœื•ืช ืื• ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื ื‘ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืื• ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ืื• ืžื›ื ื™ ืœืงื•ื™, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืฆืœืš, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืฆืœ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
    • ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืœืงื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืื• ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืืฆืœืš (ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืื™ ื”ืชืืžืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื• ื›ืœ ืชืงืœื” ื‘ื•).
    • ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื•ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ืš ืœืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•, ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ืื• ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžืกื™ืจืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืœื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ืื• ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจืš ืœืื—ืจ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืื•ืชื• ืื—ืจ ื™ืฆืคื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ืœ ืžื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื• ื™ื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืืชืจ, ื•ื”ื ืš ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื ื–ืง, ื”ืคืกื“ ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืฉื™ื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœืš ืื• ืœื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื›ืš.
  10. ืžื•ื‘ื”ืจ, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ืข ืžืื—ืจื™ื•ืชืš ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจืš, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ืชื•. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžื•ื‘ื”ืจ, ื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ “ืคืจื™ืฆืชื•” ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉืš ื‘ืืชืจ ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื”ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื” ืื™-ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื•ืืกื•ืจื•ืช.
  11. ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื–ืืช ืœืฉืืช ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื–ืืช ืœืฉืคื•ืช ืืช ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื ื–ืง, ื”ืคืกื“, ืื‘ื“ืŸ ืจื•ื•ื—, ืชืฉืœื•ื ืื• ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืฉื™ื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœื”, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื›ืจ ื˜ืจื—ืช ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืคืจืช ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืืœื”.

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืืชืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื

  1. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืžืขืช ืœืขืช ื™ื›ื™ืœ ื”ืืชืจ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืืชืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœื ื•ืชื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืคืจืกื•ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืืชืจ, ืื• ื™ื›ื™ืœ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื™ื, ืชื•ืกืคื™ื, “ื•ื•ื™ื“ื’’ื˜ื™ื” ืื• ื›ืœื™ื ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืขืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื, ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืืชืจื™ื ืื• ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื˜ืขื ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื (“ืืชืจื™ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™”). ืคืจืกื•ื ืืชืจื™ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืืœื” ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื ื•ื—ื™ื•ืชืš ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื“ืข, ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื•. ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจื™ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืื• ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืืชืจื™ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืืœื™ื”ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืงืคื“ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืืชืจ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื›ืืžื•ืจ.
  2. ืžื•ื‘ื”ืจ ื›ื™, ืœื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืืชืจื™ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืืœื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ื ื•ืฉืืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื• ื”ืกืชืžื›ืช ืื• ื‘ื™ืฆืขืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื ืžืฆื ื‘ืืชืจื™ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืืœื”. ืื™ืŸ ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ืœืืชืจื™ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื›ื”ืžืœืฆื”, ื”ืขื“ืคื” ืื• ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ืื• ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ืื• ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืืชืจื™ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืœืคืจืฉ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืืœื” ื›ืขืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืžื”ื™ืžื ื•ืช, ืœื“ื™ื•ืง ืื• ืœืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื”ื. ื‘ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ, ื”ื ืš ืžื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื˜ืขื ื” ืื• ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื ื–ืง ืื• ืชืฉืœื•ื ืื• ื”ืคืกื“ ืฉื™ื™ื’ืจื ืœืš (ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื™ื’ืจื) ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ืื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืืชืจื™ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืืœื”.
  3. ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืืชืจื™ ืฆื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื—ื–ื” ื›ืœื ืชืงื™ืŸ, ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™, ืœื ืžื•ืกืจื™ ืื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ืืชื” ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™.

ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜

  1. ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื ื•ืฉื ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืืœื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืชื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื–ืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืื• ืœื›ืœืœื™ ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื. ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืœ ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉืชืชื’ืœืข ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืืชืจ, ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื• ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื•ืกืžืš ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘-ื™ืคื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
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ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื ื•

ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช (Cookies) ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืื ืื™ืฉื™ืช. ื”ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื”ืŸ, ืงื‘ืฆื™ ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืื™ื ื ืžืื›ืกื ื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืื™ืฉื™. ื‘ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ื›ืคืชื•ืจ “ืงื‘ืœื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช” ืืช ื ื•ืชื ืช ืืช ื”ืกื›ืžืชืš ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช. ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช.